When you are planning to rent-a-car and drive abroad, you may need more than just the ability to get used to right- or left- hand drive and/or converting kilometers to miles. You may also need to get an International Driving Permit (IDP), as a supplement to your valid driver's license.
An IDP is basically just a card that translates your driver's license information into various languages. It is honored in 150 countries outside the US and you can get it through American Automobile Association (AAA).
Some countries may honor your US license but, if you are planning to drive around, say, Europe, it may be wiser to get yourself an IDP.
The last time I checked (years ago!), you only need to present passport-sized photographs and your valid US license in order to get an International Driving Permit.
Other countries have "strange" rules, though. According to the Washington Post, "in Saudi Arabia, Americans must have their IDP stamped upon arrival and must be male (no women drivers allowed on public roads)."
As always, before heading off abroad, it would be best to research on the country's Business Culture and everything else which might affect your trip and your negotiations.
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